I only skimmed it but I think you misunderstood. As far as I can tell they are only describing an algorithm for converting a mesh into voxels, rather than the other way around. The reference to Marching Cubes is simply that they are using it to judge the quality of thier voxelisation. I think the times for both coefficients and synthesis relate to different parts of the voxelisation process.
By the way,
there's a page on the Wiki to collect interesting links to papers such as this. It's a bit empty (just added yours) but feel free to add any other interesting papers you come across. You can also post in the forum to discuss them of course.